Laboratory Characteristics on SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: Diabetic patients have been severely affected by COVID-19 infection. It has been reported that the disease is more progressive leading to venous and arterial thromboembolism, due to multiple factors. This study was conducted to determine the hematologic parameters including D-dimer in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection in association with disease severity and treatment. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia, after obtaining IRB approval, by collecting data regarding all laboratory parameters, disease severity, and anticoagulant treatment of COVID-19 diabetic patients (n = 159) from medical records from March to December 2020. Result: Mean value of white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocyte monocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, and LDH levels was elevated in severe cases than in mild cases with statistical significant increase in HbA1c (0.047), serum fibrinogen (0.007), C-reactive protein (0.005), serum ferritin (0.034), and serum LDH (0.015). Mortality was observed in 14 (8.8%) patients mostly with severe COVID-19 with diabetes. In our study, treatment with low molecular weight heparin was not significantly related to severity. A logistic regression analysis indicated an association of some laboratory parameters with severity and mortality of the disease. Conclusion: The routine blood parameters if detected early will enable physicians to identify severe cases of COVID-19 patients with Diabetes for prompt treatment and save considerable time and resources.

Factors Influencing Participation in COVID-19 Clinical Trials: A Multi-National Study.

In 2020, the World Health Organization has characterized COVID-19, a disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as a pandemic. Although a few vaccines and drugs have been approved to, respectively, prevent or treat the disease, several clinical trials are still ongoing to test new vaccines or drugs to mitigate the burden of the pandemic. Few studies have shown the role of host genetics in disease prognosis and drug response highlighting the importance of diverse participation in COVID-19 clinical trials. The goal of this study is to assess public attitudes in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan toward participating in COVID-19 clinical trials and to identify the factors that may influence their attitude. An online questionnaire was developed and distributed among the target group through social media platforms. The number of responses was 1,576. Three quarters (74.9%) of participants heard about clinical trials before, 57.6% of them had a positive attitude toward participation in COVID-19 clinical trials. The conduct of clinical trials in accordance with the scientific, research, and ethical guidelines was a strong predictor of willingness to participate in clinical trials. Other positive factors also included protection of family from COVID-19 and contributing to the return to normal community life as well as receiving additional healthcare benefit was the fourth significant predictor. On the other hand, the thought that clinical trials can have a negative impact on the health of participants strongly predicted the unwillingness of individuals to participate in such trials. This was followed by having limited information about the novel coronavirus and COVID-19 and the lack of trust in physicians and hospitals. In general, Arab citizens are accepting the concept and have a positive attitude toward COVID-19 clinical trials. Increasing awareness of COVID-19 and clinical trials, enforcing the concept of altruism, and placing clear policies in conducting clinical trials are needed to increase participation in clinical trials among Arabs.